Renal diseases, also known as kidney diseases, encompass a range of conditions that impair kidney function and affect overall health. Common renal diseases include chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), and kidney stones.

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. CKD is often caused by diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic conditions. Early stages may show few symptoms, but as the disease progresses, it can lead to severe complications, including cardiovascular disease and kidney failure. Regular monitoring and managing underlying conditions are essential for slowing CKD progression.

Acute kidney injury is a sudden loss of kidney function, often resulting from severe dehydration, infections, or medications that harm the kidneys. Prompt treatment is crucial to restore kidney function and prevent long-term damage.

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, which can result from infections or autoimmune diseases. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys, leading to enlarged kidneys and reduced function.