Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases encompass a variety of conditions affecting the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Common GI diseases include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and peptic ulcers.

GERD is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and potential damage to the esophageal lining. IBS is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation. IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to severe symptoms like pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine, impairing nutrient absorption. Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).