Gynaecological diseases encompass a variety of conditions that affect the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. Common gynaecological disorders include menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and infections like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). These conditions can significantly impact a woman's quality of life and reproductive health.

Menstrual irregularities, such as heavy bleeding or missed periods, can be caused by hormonal imbalances, stress, or underlying health issues. PCOS, characterised by irregular periods, excessive hair growth, and ovarian cysts, is a common endocrine disorder that can affect fertility. Endometriosis involves the growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus, leading to pain and potential fertility issues. Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding and discomfort.