Respiratory diseases encompass a range of conditions that affect the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system. Common respiratory illnesses include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, bronchitis, and lung cancer. These diseases can be triggered by various factors such as smoking, air pollution, allergens, infections, and genetic predispositions.

Asthma is a chronic condition characterised by inflamed airways, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. COPD, often linked to smoking, involves long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Pneumonia and bronchitis, usually caused by infections, result in inflammation of the lungs and bronchial tubes, respectively. Lung cancer, a severe condition often associated with smoking, involves abnormal cell growth in lung tissues.

Prevention and management of respiratory diseases involve multiple strategies. Avoiding smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke is crucial. Reducing exposure to pollutants and allergens, maintaining good indoor air quality, and practicing good hygiene to prevent infections are also important. For individuals with chronic conditions like asthma or COPD, adherence to prescribed medications and regular check-ups with healthcare providers are vital for controlling symptoms and preventing exacerbations.